India is undergoing a significant transformation in its energy landscape, with nuclear power emerging as a pivotal component of its strategy to achieve energy security and sustainability. The government’s recent initiatives underscore a strong commitment to expanding nuclear energy capacity, fostering innovation, and attracting both domestic and international investments.

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Current Status of Nuclear Energy in India

As of early 2025, India operates 25 nuclear reactors with a total installed capacity of approximately 8.88 GW, contributing around 3% to the nation’s electricity generation. An additional 11 reactors, totaling 8.7 GW, are under construction, and 10 more are in the planning stages .World Nuclear News+1Wikipedia+1

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Ambitious Targets and Strategic Vision

In alignment with the “Viksit Bharat” vision for a developed India by 2047, the government has set an ambitious target to achieve 100 GW of nuclear power capacity by mid-century. This goal is integral to reducing dependency on fossil fuels and enhancing energy security .Press Information Bureau+5Change Started+5Press Information Bureau+5Press Information Bureau

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Key Government Initiatives

1. Nuclear Energy Mission for Viksit Bharat

Announced in the Union Budget 2025-26, the Nuclear Energy Mission focuses on:DD News+2Press Information Bureau+2Press Information Bureau+2

• Research and Development: Developing Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) with an investment of ₹20,000 crore, aiming to have at least five indigenous SMRs operational by 2033.World Nuclear Association+2Change Started+2Press Information Bureau+2
• Legislative Reforms: Amendments to the Atomic Energy Act and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act to facilitate private sector participation and attract investments .Press Information Bureau

2. Development of Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs)

BSRs are compact 220 MW pressurized heavy water reactors based on indigenous technology. The government plans to install 40-50 units, primarily to replace captive thermal power plants, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and reducing emissions .South Asian Voices+13World Nuclear News+13Wikipedia+13Nuclear Business Platform

3. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nuclear Sector

For the first time, India is considering allowing foreign investment in its nuclear energy sector. The government plans to permit up to 26% FDI initially, with the possibility of increasing it to 49% in phases, aiming to boost nuclear energy production to 40 GW by 2035 .The Times of India+2@EconomicTimes+2@EconomicTimes+2

4. Public-Private Partnerships

The government is encouraging collaborations between public and private entities to expedite nuclear power projects. Notably, the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL) is partnering with the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) to jointly develop nuclear power plants, leveraging NTPC’s expertise in large-scale project execution and financing .@EconomicTimesCarnegie Endowment

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Infrastructure Developments

• Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR): Located at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, the PFBR is designed to utilize uranium-238 to breed plutonium, marking a significant step in India’s three-stage nuclear power program. The reactor is expected to commence full operations by the end of 2025 .Wikipedia+1Wikipedia+1
• Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project: Planned in Maharashtra, this project aims to install six European Pressurized Reactors (EPRs), each with a capacity of 1,730 MW, totaling 10,380 MW. It is poised to become the world’s largest nuclear power generating station upon completion .Wikipedia
• Mahi Banswara Atomic Power Plant: Under construction in Rajasthan, this plant will have an installed capacity of 2,800 MW, contributing significantly to the state’s energy supply .Wikipedia

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Challenges and the Path Forward

Despite the ambitious plans, several challenges persist, including:

• Regulatory Hurdles: Stringent nuclear liability laws have previously deterred foreign collaborations.
• Public Perception: Nuclear energy projects often face opposition due to safety concerns.Press Information Bureau
• Investment Requirements: The capital-intensive nature of nuclear projects necessitates substantial investment and long gestation periods.

Addressing these challenges through transparent policies, robust safety protocols, and public engagement will be crucial for the successful realization of India’s nuclear energy aspirations.

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Conclusion

India’s strategic focus on nuclear energy, supported by comprehensive government initiatives and infrastructural developments, positions the country on a promising path toward achieving its 100 GW nuclear power target by 2047. With continued innovation, international collaboration, and policy reforms, nuclear energy is set to play a pivotal role in India’s journey towards a sustainable and energy-secure future.World Nuclear News+6Change Started+6Press Information Bureau+6

The information provided in this blog post is for general informational purposes only. While efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the content, the details about India’s nuclear energy initiatives and government policies are subject to change and may evolve over time. Readers are advised to verify facts and consult official sources or expert advice before making any decisions based on this information. The author and publisher disclaim any liability for actions taken based on the content of this post.